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The History Of England
From the
Accession of James II.




By Thomas Babington Macaulay.



Contents


About this version

Volume I


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CHAPTER I.

  • Introduction
  • Britain under the Romans
  • Britain under the Saxons
  • Conversion of the Saxons to Christianity
  • Danish Invasions; The Normans
  • The Norman Conquest
  • Separation of England and Normandy
  • Amalgamation of Races
  • English Conquests on the Continent
  • Wars of the Roses
  • Extinction of Villenage
  • Beneficial Operation of the Roman Catholic Religion
  • The early English Polity often misrepresented, and why?
  • Nature of the Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages
  • Prerogatives of the early English Kings
  • Limitations of the Prerogative
  • Resistance an ordinary Check on Tyranny in the Middle Ages
  • Peculiar Character of the English Aristocracy
  • Government of the Tudors
  • Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages generally turned into Absolute Monarchies
  • The English Monarchy a singular Exception
  • The Reformation and its Effects
  • Origin of the Church of England
  • Her peculiar Character
  • Relation in which she stood to the Crown
  • The Puritans
  • Their Republican Spirit
  • No systematic parliamentary Opposition offered to the Government of Elizabeth
  • Question of the Monopolies
  • Scotland and Ireland become Parts of the same Empire with England
  • Diminution of the Importance of England after the Accession of James I
  • Doctrine of Divine Right
  • The Separation between the Church and the Puritans becomes wider
  • Accession and Character of Charles I
  • Tactics of the Opposition in the House of Commons
  • Petition of Right
  • Petition of Right violated; Character and Designs of Wentworth
  • Character of Laud
  • Star Chamber and High Commission
  • Ship-Money
  • Resistance to the Liturgy in Scotland
  • A Parliament called and dissolved
  • The Long Parliament
  • First Appearance of the Two great English Parties
  • The Remonstrance
  • Impeachment of the Five Members
  • Departure of Charles from London
  • Commencement of the Civil War
  • Successes of the Royalists
  • Rise of the Independents
  • Oliver Cromwell
  • Selfdenying Ordinance; Victory of the Parliament
  • Domination and Character of the Army
  • Rising against the Military Government suppressed
  • Proceedings against the King
  • His Execution
  • Subjugation of Ireland and Scotland
  • Expulsion of the Long Parliament
  • The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell
  • Oliver succeeded by Richard
  • Fall of Richard and Revival of the Long Parliament
  • Second Expulsion of the Long Parliament
  • The Army of Scotland marches into England
  • Monk declares for a Free Parliament
  • General Election of 1660
  • The Restoration

    CHAPTER II.
  • Conduct of those who restored the House of Stuart unjustly censured
  • Abolition of Tenures by Knight Service; Disbandment of the Army
  • Disputes between the Roundheads and Cavaliers renewed
  • Religious Dissension
  • Unpopularity of the Puritans
  • Character of Charles II
  • Character of the Duke of York and Earl of Clarendon
  • General Election of 1661
  • Violence of the Cavaliers in the new Parliament
  • Persecution of the Puritans
  • Zeal of the Church for Hereditary Monarchy
  • Change in the Morals of the Community
  • Profligacy of Politicians
  • State of Scotland
  • State of Ireland
  • The Government become unpopular in England
  • War with the Dutch
  • Opposition in the House of Commons
  • Fall of Clarendon
  • State of European Politics, and Ascendancy of France
  • Character of Lewis XIV
  • The Triple Alliance
  • The Country Party
  • Connection between Charles II. and France
  • Views of Lewis with respect to England
  • Treaty of Dover
  • Nature of the English Cabinet
  • The Cabal
  • Shutting of the Exchequer
  • War with the United Provinces, and their extreme Danger
  • William, Prince of Orange
  • Meeting of the Parliament; Declaration of Indulgence
  • It is cancelled, and the Test Act passed
  • The Cabal dissolved
  • Peace with the United Provinces; Administration of Danby
  • Embarrassing Situation of the Country Party
  • Dealings of that Party with the French Embassy
  • Peace of Nimeguen
  • Violent Discontents in England
  • Fall of Danby; the Popish Plot
  • First General Election of 1679
  • Violence of the new House of Commons
  • Temple's Plan of Government
  • Character of Halifax
  • Character of Sunderland
  • Prorogation of the Parliament; Habeas Corpus Act; Second General Election of 1679
  • Popularity of Monmouth
  • Lawrence Hyde
  • Sidney Godolphin
  • Violence of Factions on the Subject of the Exclusion Bill
  • Names of Whig and Tory
  • Meeting of Parliament; The Exclusion Bill passes the Commons; Exclusion Bill rejected by the Lords
  • Execution of Stafford; General Election of 1681
  • Parliament held at Oxford, and dissolved
  • Tory Reaction
  • Persecution of the Whigs
  • Charter of the City confiscated; Whig Conspiracies
  • Detection of the Whig Conspiracies
  • Severity of the Government; Seizure of Charters
  • Influence of the Duke of York
  • He is opposed by Halifax
  • Lord Guildford
  • Policy of Lewis
  • State of Factions in the Court of Charles at the time of his Death

    CHAPTER III.
  • Great Change in the State of England since 1685
  • Population of England in 1685
  • Increase of Population greater in the North than in the South
  • Revenue in 1685
  • Military System
  • The Navy
  • The Ordnance
  • Noneffective Charge; Charge of Civil Government
  • Great Gains of Ministers and Courtiers
  • State of Agriculture
  • Mineral Wealth of the Country
  • Increase of Rent
  • The Country Gentlemen
  • The Clergy
  • The Yeomanry; Growth of the Towns; Bristol
  • Norwich
  • Other Country Towns
  • Manchester; Leeds; Sheffield
  • Birmingham
  • Liverpool
  • Watering-places; Cheltenham; Brighton; Buxton; Tunbridge Wells
  • Bath
  • London
  • The City
  • Fashionable Part of the Capital
  • Police of London
  • Lighting of London
  • Whitefriars; The Court
  • The Coffee Houses
  • Difficulty of Travelling
  • Badness of the Roads
  • Stage Coaches
  • Highwaymen
  • Inns
  • Post Office
  • Newspapers
  • News-letters
  • The Observator
  • Scarcity of Books in Country Places; Female Education
  • Literary Attainments of Gentlemen
  • Influence of French Literature
  • Immorality of the Polite Literature of England
  • State of Science in England
  • State of the Fine Arts
  • State of the Common People; Agricultural Wages
  • Wages of Manufacturers
  • Labour of Children in Factories
  • Wages of different Classes of Artisans
  • Number of Paupers
  • Benefits derived by the Common People from the Progress of Civilisation
  • Delusion which leads Men to overrate the Happiness of preceding Generations

    CHAPTER IV.
  • Death of Charles II
  • Suspicions of Poison
  • Speech of James II. to the Privy Council
  • James proclaimed
  • State of the Administration
  • New Arrangements
  • Sir George Jeffreys
  • The Revenue collected without an Act of Parliament
  • A Parliament called
  • Transactions between James and the French King
  • Churchill sent Ambassador to France; His History
  • Feelings of the Continental Governments towards England
  • Policy of the Court of Rome
  • Struggle in the Mind of James; Fluctuations in his Policy
  • Public Celebration of the Roman Catholic Rites in the Palace
  • His Coronation
  • Enthusiasm of the Tories; Addresses
  • The Elections
  • Proceedings against Oates
  • Proceedings against Dangerfield
  • Proceedings against Baxter
  • Meeting of the Parliament of Scotland
  • Feeling of James towards the Puritans
  • Cruel Treatment of the Scotch Covenanters
  • Feeling of James towards the Quakers
  • William Penn
  • Peculiar Favour shown to Roman Catholics and Quakers
  • Meeting of the English Parliament; Trevor chosen Speaker; Character of Seymour
  • The King's Speech to the Parliament
  • Debate in the Commons; Speech of Seymour
  • The Revenue voted; Proceedings of the Commons concerning Religion
  • Additional Taxes voted; Sir Dudley North
  • Proceedings of the Lords
  • Bill for reversing the Attainder of Stafford

    CHAPTER V.
  • Whig Refugees on the Continent
  • Their Correspondents in England
  • Characters of the leading Refugees; Ayloffe; Wade
  • Goodenough; Rumbold
  • Lord Grey
  • Monmouth
  • Ferguson
  • Scotch Refugees; Earl of Argyle
  • Sir Patrick Hume; Sir John Cochrane; Fletcher of Saltoun
  • Unreasonable Conduct of the Scotch Refugees
  • Arrangement for an Attempt on England and Scotland
  • John Locke
  • Preparations made by Government for the Defence of Scotland
  • Conversation of James with the Dutch Ambassadors; Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Argyle from sailing
  • Departure of Argyle from Holland; He lands in Scotland
  • His Disputes with his Followers
  • Temper of the Scotch Nation
  • Argyle's Forces dispersed
  • Argyle a Prisoner
  • His Execution.
  • Execution of Rumbold
  • Death of Ayloffe
  • Devastation of Argyleshire
  • Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Monmouth from leaving Holland
  • His Arrival at Lyme
  • His Declaration
  • His Popularity in the West of England
  • Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Bridport
  • Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Axminster; News of the Rebellion carried to London; Loyalty of the Parliament
  • Reception of Monmouth at Taunton
  • He takes the Title of King
  • His Reception at Bridgewater
  • Preparations of the Government to oppose him
  • His Design on Bristol
  • He relinquishes that Design
  • Skirmish at Philip's Norton; Despondence of Monmouth
  • He returns to Bridgewater; The Royal Army encamps at Sedgemoor
  • Battle of Sedgemoor
  • Pursuit of the Rebels
  • Military Executions; Flight of Monmouth
  • His Capture
  • His Letter to the King; He is carried to London
  • His Interview with the King
  • His Execution
  • His Memory cherished by the Common People
  • Cruelties of the Soldiers in the West; Kirke
  • Jeffreys sets out on the Western Circuit
  • Trial of Alice Lisle
  • The Bloody Assizes
  • Abraham Holmes
  • Christopher Battiseombe; The Hewlings
  • Punishment of Tutchin
  • Rebels Transported
  • Confiscation and Extortion
  • Rapacity of the Queen and her Ladies
  • Grey; Cochrane; Storey
  • Wade, Goodenough, and Ferguson
  • Jeffreys made Lord Chancellor
  • Trial and Execution of Cornish
  • Trials and Executions of Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt
  • Trial and Execution of Bateman
  • Persecution of the Protestant Dissenters

    Volume II

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    CHAPTER VI

  • The Power of James at the Height
  • His Foreign Policy
  • His Plans of Domestic Government
  • The Habeas Corpus Act
  • The Standing Army
  • Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion
  • Violation of the Test Act
  • Disgrace of Halifax
  • General Discontent
  • Persecution of the French Huguenots
  • Effect of that Persecution in England
  • Meeting of Parliament
  • Speech of the King
  • An Opposition formed in the House of Commons
  • Sentiments of Foreign Governments
  • Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech
  • Defeat of the Government
  • Second Defeat of the Government
  • The King reprimands the Commons
  • Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King
  • Opposition to the Government in the Lords
  • The Earl of Devonshire
  • The Bishop of London
  • Viscount Mordaunt
  • Prorogation
  • Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden
  • Trial of Delamere
  • Effect of his Acquittal
  • Parties in the Court
  • Feeling of the Protestant Tories
  • Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II.
  • Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics
  • Cabal of violent Roman Catholics
  • Castlemaine
  • Jermyn
  • White
  • Tyrconnel
  • Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments
  • The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other
  • The Order of Jesus
  • Father Petre
  • The King's Temper and Opinions
  • The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland
  • Perfidy of Jeffreys
  • Godolphin
  • The Queen
  • Amours of the King
  • Catharine Sedley
  • Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley
  • Decline of Rochester's Influence
  • Castelmaine sent to Rome
  • The Huguenots illtreated by James
  • The Dispensing Power
  • Dismission of Refractory Judges
  • Case of Sir Edward Hales
  • Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices
  • Sclater
  • Walker
  • The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic
  • Disposal of Bishoprics
  • Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church
  • His Difficulties
  • He creates a new Court of High Commission
  • Proceedings against the Bishop of London
  • Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic Rites and Vestments
  • Riots
  • A Camp formed at Hounslow
  • Samuel Johnson
  • Hugh Speke
  • Proceedings against Johnson
  • Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery
  • The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched
  • State of Scotland
  • Queensberry
  • Perth and Melfort
  • Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland
  • Riots at Edinburgh
  • Anger of the King
  • His Plans concerning Scotland
  • Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London
  • Their Negotiations with the King
  • Meeting of the Scotch Estates
  • They prove refractory
  • They are adjourned
  • Arbitrary System of Government in Scotland
  • Ireland
  • State of the Law on the Subject of Religion
  • Hostility of Races
  • Aboriginal Peasantry
  • Aboriginal Aristocracy
  • State of the English Colony
  • Course which James ought to have followed
  • His Errors
  • Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant
  • His Mortifications
  • Panic among the Colonists
  • Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General
  • His Partiality and Violence
  • He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement
  • He returns to England
  • The King displeased with Clarendon
  • Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal
  • Attempts of James to convert Rochester
  • Dismission of Rochester
  • Dismission of Clarendon
  • Tyrconnel Lord Deputy
  • Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland
  • Effect of the Fall of the Hydes

    CHAPTER VII

  • William, Prince of Orange
  • His Appearance
  • His early Life and Education
  • His Theological Opinions
  • His Military Qualifications
  • His Love of Danger
  • His bad Health
  • Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions
  • His Friendship for Bentinck
  • Mary, Princess of Orange
  • Gilbert Burnet
  • He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess
  • Relations between William and English Parties
  • His Feelings towards England
  • His Feelings towards Holland and France
  • His Policy consistent throughout
  • Treaty of Augsburg
  • William becomes the Head of the English Opposition
  • Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England
  • William rejects the Advice
  • Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes
  • Conversions to Popery
  • Peterborough
  • Salisbury
  • Wycherley
  • Tindal
  • Haines
  • Dryden
  • The Hind and Panther
  • Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans
  • Partial Toleration granted in Scotland
  • Closeting
  • It is unsuccessful
  • Admiral Herbert
  • Declaration of Indulgence
  • Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters
  • Feeling of the Church of England
  • The Court and the Church
  • Letter to a Dissenter
  • Conduct of the Dissenters
  • Some of the Dissenters side with the Court
  • Care
  • Alsop
  • Rosewell
  • Lobb
  • Penn
  • The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court
  • Baxter
  • Howe,
  • Bunyan
  • Kiffin
  • The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence
  • Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated
  • Enmity of James to Burnet
  • Mission of Dykvelt to England
  • Negotiations of Dykvelt with English Statesmen
  • Danby
  • Nottingham
  • Halifax
  • Devonshire
  • Edward Russell
  • Compton
  • Herbert
  • Churchill
  • Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne
  • Dykvelt returns to the Hague with Letters from many eminent Englishmen
  • Zulestein's Mission
  • Growing Enmity between James and William
  • Influence of the Dutch Press
  • Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel
  • Castelmaine's embassy to Rome

    CHAPTER VIII

  • Consecration of the Nuncio at Saint James's Palace
  • His public Reception
  • The Duke of Somerset
  • Dissolution of the Parliament
  • Military Offences illegally punished
  • Proceedings of the High Commission
  • The Universities
  • Proceedings against the University of Cambridge
  • The Earl of Mulgrave
  • State of Oxford
  • Magdalene College, Oxford
  • Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President
  • Election of the President
  • The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission
  • Parker recommended as President
  • The Charterhouse
  • The Royal Progress
  • The King at Oxford
  • He reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene
  • Penn attempts to mediate
  • Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford
  • Protest of Hough
  • Parker
  • Ejection of the Fellows
  • Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary
  • Resentment of the Clergy
  • Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession
  • Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland
  • The Queen pregnant
  • General Incredulity
  • Feeling of the Constituent Bodies, and of the Peers
  • James determines to pack a Parliament
  • The Board of Regulators
  • Many Lords Lieutenants dismissed
  • The Earl of Oxford
  • The Earl of Shrewsbury
  • The Earl of Dorset
  • Questions put to the Magistrates
  • Their Answers
  • Failure of the King's Plans
  • List of Sheriffs
  • Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen
  • Feeling of the Dissenters
  • Regulation of Corporations
  • Inquisition in all the Public Departments
  • Dismission of Sawyer
  • Williams Solicitor General
  • Second Declaration of Indulgence
  • The Clergy ordered to read it
  • They hesitate
  • Patriotism of the Protestant Nonconformists of London
  • Consultation of the London Clergy
  • Consultation at Lambeth Palace
  • Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King
  • The London Clergy disobey the Royal Order
  • Hesitation of the Government
  • It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel
  • They are examined by the Privy Council
  • They are committed to the Tower
  • Birth of the Pretender
  • He is generally believed to be supposititious
  • The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed
  • Agitation of the public Mind
  • Uneasiness of Sunderland
  • He professes himself a Roman Catholic
  • Trial of the Bishops
  • The Verdict
  • Joy of the People
  • Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this Time

    CHAPTER IX

  • Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness of Resistance
  • Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a Descent on England
  • Henry Sidney
  • Devonshire
  • Shrewsbury
  • Halifax
  • Danby
  • Bishop Compton
  • Nottingham
  • Lumley
  • Invitation to William despatched
  • Conduct of Mary
  • Difficulties of William's Enterprise
  • Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops
  • Dismissions and Promotions
  • Proceedings of the High Commission
  • Sprat resigns his Seat
  • Discontent of the Clergy
  • Transactions at Oxford
  • Discontent of the Gentry
  • Discontent of the Army
  • Irish Troops brought over
  • Public Indignation
  • Lillibullero
  • Politics of the United Provinces
  • Errors of the French King
  • His Quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises
  • The Archbishopric of Cologne
  • Skilful Management of William
  • His Military and Naval Preparations
  • He receives numerous Assurances of Support from England
  • Sunderland
  • Anxiety of William
  • Warnings conveyed to James
  • Exertions of Lewis to save James
  • James frustrates them
  • The French Armies invade Germany
  • William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition
  • Schomberg
  • British Adventurers at the Hague
  • William's Declaration
  • James roused to a Sense of his Danger
  • His Naval Means
  • His Military Means
  • He attempts to conciliate his Subjects
  • He gives Audience to the Bishops
  • His Concessions ill received
  • Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the Privy Council
  • Disgrace of Sunderland
  • William takes leave of the States of Holland
  • He embarks and sails
  • He is driven back by a Storm
  • His Declaration arrives in England
  • James questions the Lords
  • William sets sail the second Time
  • He passes the Straits
  • He lands at Torbay
  • He enters Exeter
  • Conversation of the King with the Bishops
  • Disturbances in London
  • Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince
  • Lovelace
  • Colchester
  • Abingdon
  • Desertion of Cornbury
  • Petition of the Lords for a Parliament
  • The King goes to Salisbury
  • Seymour
  • Court of William at Exeter
  • Northern Insurrection
  • Skirmish at Wincanton
  • Desertion of Churchill and Grafton
  • Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury
  • Desertion of Prince George and Ormond
  • Flight of the Princess Anne
  • Council of Lords held by James
  • He appoints Commissioners to treat with William
  • The Negotiation a Feint
  • Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France
  • Agitation of London
  • Forged Proclamation
  • Risings in various Parts of the Country
  • Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury
  • Dissension in the Prince's Camp
  • The Prince reaches Hungerford
  • Skirmish at Reading
  • The King's Commissioners arrive at Hungerford
  • Negotiation
  • The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France
  • Lauzun
  • The King's Preparations for Flight
  • His Flight

    CHAPTER X

  • The Flight of James known
  • Great Agitation
  • The Lords meet at Guildhall
  • Riots in London
  • The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked
  • Arrest of Jeffreys
  • The Irish Night
  • The King detained near Sheerness
  • The Lords order him to be set at Liberty
  • William's Embarrassment
  • Arrest of Feversham
  • Arrival of James in London
  • Consultation at Windsor
  • The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall
  • Message from the Prince delivered to James
  • James sets out for Rochester
  • Arrival of William at Saint James's
  • He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest
  • He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments of Charles II.
  • Flight of James from Rochester
  • Debates and Resolutions of the Lords
  • Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince
  • Convention called
  • Exertions of the Prince to restore Order
  • His tolerant Policy
  • Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers
  • State of Feeling in France
  • Reception of the Queen of England in France
  • Arrival of James at Saint Germains
  • State of Feeling in the United Provinces
  • Election of Members to serve in the Convention
  • Affairs of Scotland
  • State of Parties in England
  • Sherlock's Plan
  • Sancroft's Plan
  • Danby's Plan
  • The Whig Plan
  • Meeting of the Convention
  • Leading Members of the House of Commons
  • Choice of a Speaker
  • Debate on the State of the Nation
  • Resolution declaring the Throne vacant
  • It is sent up to the Lords
  • Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency
  • Schism between the Whigs and the Followers of Danby
  • Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's
  • Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant
  • Majority for the Negative
  • Agitation in London
  • Letter of James to the Convention
  • Debates
  • Negotiations
  • Letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby
  • The Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan
  • William explains his views
  • The Conference between the Houses
  • The Lords yield
  • New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty
  • Disputes and Compromise
  • The Declaration of Right
  • Arrival of Mary
  • Tender and Acceptance of the Crown
  • William and Mary proclaimed
  • Peculiar Character of the English Revolution

    Volume III

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    CHAPTER XI

  • William and Mary proclaimed in London
  • Rejoicings throughout England
  • Rejoicings in Holland
  • Discontent of the Clergy and of the Army
  • Reaction of Public Feeling
  • Temper of the Tories
  • Temper of the Whigs
  • Ministerial Arrangements
  • William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs
  • Danby
  • Halifax
  • Nottingham
  • Shrewsbury
  • The Board of Admiralty
  • The Board of Treasury
  • The Great Seal
  • The Judges
  • The Household
  • Subordinate Appointments
  • The Convention turned into a Parliament
  • The Members of the two Houses required to take the Oaths
  • Questions relating to the Revenue
  • Abolition of the Hearth Money
  • Repayment of the Expenses of the United Provinces
  • Mutiny at Ipswich
  • The first Mutiny Bill
  • Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act
  • Unpopularity of William
  • Popularity of Mary
  • The Court removed from Whitehall to Hampton Court
  • The Court at Kensington
  • William's foreign Favourites
  • General Maladministration
  • Dissensions among Men in Office
  • Department of Foreign Affairs
  • Religious Disputes
  • The High Church Party
  • The Low Church Party
  • William's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity
  • Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury
  • Nottingham's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity
  • The Toleration Bill
  • The Comprehension Bill
  • The Bill for settling the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy
  • The Bill for settling the Coronation Oath
  • The Coronation
  • Promotions
  • The Coalition against France
  • The Devastation of the Palatinate
  • War declared against France

    CHAPTER XII

  • State of Ireland at the Time of the Revolution
  • The Civil Power in the Hands of the Roman Catholics
  • The Military Power in the Hands of the Roman Catholics
  • Mutual Enmity between the Englishry and Irishry
  • Panic among the Englishry
  • History of the Town of Kenmare
  • Enniskillen
  • Londonderry
  • Closing of the Gates of Londonderry
  • Mountjoy sent to pacify Ulster
  • William opens a Negotiation with Tyrconnel
  • The Temples consulted
  • Richard Hamilton sent to Ireland on his Parole
  • Tyrconnel sends Mountjoy and Rice to France
  • Tyrconnel calls the Irish People to Arms
  • Devastation of the Country
  • The Protestants in the South unable to resist
  • Enniskillen and Londonderry hold out
  • Richard Hamilton marches into Ulster with an Army
  • James determines to go to Ireland
  • Assistance furnished by Lewis to James
  • Choice of a French Ambassador to accompany James
  • The Count of Avaux
  • James lands at Kinsale
  • James enters Cork
  • Journey of James from Cork to Dublin
  • Discontent in England
  • Factions at Dublin Castle
  • James determines to go to Ulster
  • Journey of James to Ulster
  • The Fall of Londonderry expected
  • Succours arrive from England
  • Treachery of Lundy
  • The Inhabitants of Londonderry resolve to defend themselves
  • Their Character
  • Londonderry besieged
  • The Siege turned into a Blockade
  • Naval Skirmish in Bantry Bay
  • A Parliament summoned by James sits at Dublin
  • A Toleration Act passed
  • Acts passed for the Confiscation of the Property of Protestants
  • Issue of base Money
  • The great Act of Attainder
  • James prorogues his Parliament
  • Persecution of the Protestants in Ireland
  • Effect produced in England by the News from Ireland
  • Actions of the Enniskilleners
  • Distress of Londonderry
  • Expedition under Kirke arrives in Loch Foyle
  • Cruelty of Rosen
  • The Famine in Londonderry extreme
  • Attack on the Boom
  • The Siege of Londonderry raised
  • Operations against the Enniskilleners
  • Battle of Newton Butler
  • Consternation of the Irish

    CHAPTER XIII

  • The Revolution more violent in Scotland than in England
  • Elections for the Convention
  • Rabbling of the Episcopal Clergy
  • State of Edinburgh
  • Question of an Union between England and Scotland raised
  • Wish of the English Low Churchmen to preserve Episcopacy in Scotland
  • Opinions of William about Church Government in Scotland
  • Comparative Strength of Religious Parties in Scotland
  • Letter from William to the Scotch Convention
  • William's Instructions to his Agents in Scotland
  • The Dalrymples
  • Melville
  • James's Agents in Scotland: Dundee; Balcarras
  • Meeting of the Convention
  • Hamilton elected President
  • Committee of Elections
  • Edinburgh Castle summoned
  • Dundee threatened by the Covenanters
  • Letter from James to the Convention
  • Effect of James's Letter
  • Flight of Dundee
  • Tumultuous Sitting of the Convention
  • A Committee appointed to frame a Plan of Government
  • Resolutions proposed by the Committee
  • William and Mary proclaimed
  • The Claim of Right
  • Abolition of Episcopacy
  • Torture
  • William and Mary accept the Crown of Scotland
  • Discontent of the Covenanters
  • Ministerial Arrangements in Scotland
  • Hamilton
  • Crawford
  • The Dalrymples
  • Lockhart
  • Montgomery
  • Melville
  • Carstairs
  • The Club formed: Annandale; Ross
  • Hume
  • Fletcher of Saltoun
  • War breaks out in the Highlands
  • State of the Highlands
  • Peculiar Nature of Jacobitism in the Highlands
  • Jealousy of the Ascendency of the Campbells
  • The Stewarts and Macnaghtens
  • The Macleans
  • The Camerons; Lochiel
  • The Macdonalds
  • Feud between the Macdonalds and Mackintoshes
  • Inverness
  • Inverness threatened by Macdonald of Keppoch
  • Dundee appears in Keppoch's Camp
  • Insurrection of the Clans hostile to the Campbells
  • Tarbet's Advice to the Government
  • Indecisive Campaign in the Highlands
  • Military Character of the Highlanders
  • Quarrels in the Highland Army
  • Dundee applies to James for Assistance
  • The War in the Highlands suspended
  • Scruples of the Covenanters about taking Arms for King William
  • The Cameronian Regiment raised
  • Edinburgh Castle surrenders
  • Session of Parliament at Edinburgh
  • Ascendancy of the Club
  • Troubles in Athol
  • The War breaks out again in the Highlands
  • Death of Dundee
  • Retreat of Mackay
  • Effect of the Battle of Killiecrankie
  • The Scottish Parliament adjourned
  • The Highland Army reinforced
  • Skirmish at Saint Johnston's
  • Disorders in the Highland Army
  • Mackay's Advice disregarded by the Scotch Ministers
  • The Cameronians stationed at Dunkeld
  • The Highlanders attack the Cameronians and are repulsed
  • Dissolution of the Highland Army
  • Intrigues of the Club; State of the Lowlands

    CHAPTER XIV

  • Disputes in the English Parliament
  • The Attainder of Russell reversed
  • Other Attainders reversed
  • Case of Samuel Johnson
  • Case of Devonshire
  • Case of Oates
  • Bill of Rights
  • Disputes about a Bill of Indemnity
  • Last Days of Jeffreys
  • The Whigs dissatisfied with the King
  • Intemperance of Howe
  • Attack on Caermarthen
  • Attack on Halifax
  • Preparations for a Campaign in Ireland
  • Schomberg
  • Recess of the Parliament
  • State of Ireland; Advice of Avaux
  • Dismission of Melfort
  • Schomberg lands in Ulster
  • Carrickfergus taken
  • Schomberg advances into Leinster
  • The English and Irish Armies encamp near each other
  • Schomberg declines a Battle
  • Frauds of the English Commissariat
  • Conspiracy among the French Troops in the English Service
  • Pestilence in the English Army
  • The English and Irish Armies go into Winter Quarters
  • Various Opinions about Schomberg's Conduct
  • Maritime Affairs
  • Maladministration of Torrington
  • Continental Affairs
  • Skirmish at Walcourt
  • Imputations thrown on Marlborough
  • Pope Innocent XI. succeeded by Alexander VIII.
  • The High Church Clergy divided on the Subject of the Oaths
  • Arguments for taking the Oaths
  • Arguments against taking the Oaths
  • A great Majority of the Clergy take the Oaths
  • The Nonjurors
  • Ken
  • Leslie
  • Sherlock
  • Hickes
  • Collier
  • Dodwell
  • Kettlewell; Fitzwilliam
  • General Character of the Nonjuring Clergy
  • The Plan of Comprehension
  • Tillotson
  • An Ecclesiastical Commission issued.
  • Proceedings of the Commission
  • The Convocation of the Province of Canterbury summoned
  • Temper of the Clergy
  • The Clergy ill affected towards the King
  • The Clergy exasperated against the Dissenters by the Proceedings of the Scotch Presbyterians
  • Constitution of the Convocation
  • Election of Members of Convocation
  • Ecclesiastical Preferments bestowed,
  • Compton discontented
  • The Convocation meets
  • The High Churchmen a Majority of the Lower House of Convocation
  • Difference between the two Houses of Convocation
  • The Lower House of Convocation proves unmanageable.
  • The Convocation prorogued

    CHAPTER XV

  • The Parliament meets
  • Retirement of Halifax
  • Supplies voted
  • The Bill of Rights passed
  • Inquiry into Naval Abuses
  • Inquiry into the Conduct of the Irish War
  • Reception of Walker in England
  • Edmund Ludlow
  • Violence of the Whigs
  • Impeachments
  • Committee of Murder
  • Malevolence of John Hampden
  • The Corporation Bill
  • Debates on the Indemnity Bill
  • Case of Sir Robert Sawyer
  • The King purposes to retire to Holland
  • He is induced to change his Intention
  • The Whigs oppose his going to Ireland
  • He prorogues the Parliament
  • Joy of the Tories
  • Dissolution and General Election
  • Changes in the Executive Departments
  • Caermarthen Chief Minister
  • Sir John Lowther
  • Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Corruption in England
  • Sir John Trevor
  • Godolphin retires
  • Changes at the Admiralty
  • Changes in the Commissions of Lieutenancy
  • Temper of the Whigs
  • Dealings of some Whigs with Saint Germains
  • Shrewsbury
  • Ferguson
  • Hopes of the Jacobites
  • Meeting of the new Parliament
  • Settlement of the Revenue
  • Provision for the Princess of Denmark
  • Bill declaring the Acts of the preceding Parliament valid
  • Debate on the Changes in the Lieutenancy of London
  • Abjuration Bill
  • Act of Grace
  • The Parliament prorogued
  • Preparations for the first War
  • Administration of James at Dublin
  • An auxiliary Force sent from France to Ireland
  • Plan of the English Jacobites
  • Clarendon, Aylesbury, Dartmouth
  • Penn
  • Preston
  • The Jacobites betrayed by Fuller
  • Crone arrested
  • Difficulties of William
  • Conduct of Shrewsbury
  • The Council of Nine
  • Conduct of Clarendon
  • Penn held to Bail
  • Interview between William and Burnet
  • William sets out for Ireland
  • Trial of Crone
  • Danger of Invasion and Insurrection
  • Tourville's Fleet in the Channel
  • Arrests of suspected Persons
  • Torrington ordered to give Battle to Tourville
  • Battle of Beachy Head
  • Alarm in London
  • Battle of Fleurus
  • Spirit of the Nation
  • Conduct of Shrewsbury

    CHAPTER XVI

  • William lands at Carrickfergus, and proceeds to Belfast
  • State of Dublin
  • William's military Arrangements
  • William marches southward
  • The Irish Army retreats
  • The Irish make a Stand at the Boyne
  • The Army of James
  • The Army of William
  • Walker, now Bishop of Derry, accompanies the Army
  • William reconnoitres the Irish Position
  • William is wounded
  • Battle of the Boyne
  • Flight of James
  • Loss of the two Armies
  • Fall of Drogheda
  • State of Dublin
  • James flies to France
  • Dublin evacuated by the French and Irish Troops
  • Entry of William into Dublin
  • Effect produced in France by the News from Ireland
  • Effect produced at Rome by the News from Ireland
  • Effect produced in London by the News from Ireland
  • James arrives in France; His Reception there
  • Tourville attempts a Descent on England
  • Teignmouth destroyed
  • Excitement of the English Nation against the French
  • The Jacobite Press
  • The Jacobite Form of Prayer and Humiliation
  • Clamour against the nonjuring Bishops
  • Military Operations in Ireland
  • Waterford taken
  • The Irish Army collected at Limerick
  • Lauzun pronounces that the Place cannot be defended
  • The Irish insist on defending Limerick
  • Tyrconnel is against defending Limerick
  • Limerick defended by the Irish alone
  • Sarsfield surprises the English Artillery
  • Arrival of Baldearg O'Donnel at Limerick
  • The Besiegers suffer from the Rains
  • Unsuccessful Assault on Limerick
  • The Siege raised
  • Tyrconnel and Lauzun go to France
  • William returns to England
  • Reception of William in England
  • Expedition to the South of Ireland
  • Marlborough takes Cork
  • Marlborough takes Kinsale
  • Affairs of Scotland
  • Intrigues of Montgomery with the Jacobites
  • War in the Highlands
  • Fort William built
  • Meeting of the Scottish Parliament
  • Melville Lord High Commissioner
  • The Government obtains a Majority
  • Ecclesiastical Legislation
  • The Coalition between the Club and the Jacobites dissolved
  • The Chiefs of the Club betray each other
  • General Acquiescence in the new Ecclesiastical Polity
  • Complaints of the Episcopalians
  • The Presbyterian Nonjurors
  • William dissatisfied with the Ecclesiastical Arrangements in Scotland
  • Meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
  • State of Affairs on the Continent
  • The Duke of Savoy joins the Coalition
  • Supplies voted
  • Ways and Means
  • Proceedings against Torrington
  • Torrington's Trial and Acquittal
  • Animosity of the Whigs against Caermarthen
  • Jacobite Plot
  • Meeting of the leading Conspirators
  • The Conspirators determine to send Preston to Saint Germains
  • Papers entrusted to Preston
  • Information of the Plot given to Caermarthen
  • Arrest of Preston and his Companions

    Volume IV

    Project Gutenberg copyright and header

    CHAPTER XVII

  • William's Voyage to Holland
  • William's Entrance into the Hague
  • Congress at the Hague
  • William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs
  • William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses
  • Vices inherent in the Nature of Coalitions
  • Siege and Fall of Mons
  • William returns to England
  • Trials of Preston and Ashton
  • Execution of Ashton
  • Preston's Irresolution and Confessions
  • Lenity shown to the Conspirators
  • Dartmouth
  • Turner
  • Penn
  • Death of George Fox; His Character
  • Interview between Penn and Sidney
  • Preston pardoned
  • Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons
  • The vacant Sees filled
  • Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Conduct of Sancroft
  • Difference between Sancroft and Ken
  • Hatred of Sancroft to the Established Church
  • He provides for the episcopal Succession among the Nonjurors
  • The new Bishops
  • Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's
  • Treachery of some of William's Servants
  • Russell
  • Godolphin
  • Marlborough
  • William returns to the Continent
  • The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders
  • The War in Ireland
  • State of the English Part of Ireland
  • State of the Part of Ireland which was subject to James
  • Dissensions among the Irish at Limerick
  • Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland
  • Arrival of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth
  • The English take the Field
  • Fall of Ballymore
  • Siege and Fall of Athlone
  • Retreat of the Irish Army
  • Saint Ruth determines to fight
  • Battle of Aghrim
  • Fall of Galway
  • Death of Tyrconnel
  • Second Siege of Limerick
  • The Irish desirous to capitulate
  • Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers
  • The Capitulation of Limerick
  • The Irish Troops required to make their Election between their Country and France
  • Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for France
  • Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert
  • The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France
  • State of Ireland after the War

    CHAPTER XVIII

  • Opening of the Parliament
  • Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men
  • Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland
  • Debates on the East India Trade
  • Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
  • Plot formed by Marlborough against the Government of William
  • Marlborough's Plot disclosed by the Jacobites
  • Disgrace of Marlborough
  • Various Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace.
  • Rupture between Mary and Anne
  • Fuller's Plot
  • Close of the Session
  • Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected
  • Ministerial Changes in England
  • Ministerial Changes in Scotland
  • State of the Highlands
  • Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel Clans
  • Glencoe
  • William goes to the Continent
  • Death of Louvois
  • The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England
  • James believes that the English Fleet is friendly to him
  • Conduct of Russell
  • A Daughter born to James
  • Preparations made in England to repel Invasion
  • James goes down to his Army at La Hogue
  • James's Declaration
  • Effect produced by James's Declaration
  • The English and Dutch Fleets join
  • Temper of the English Fleet
  • Battle of La Hogue
  • Rejoicings in England
  • Young's Plot

    CHAPTER XIX

  • Foreign Policy of William
  • The Northern Powers
  • The Pope
  • Conduct of the Allies
  • The Emperor
  • Spain
  • William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition
  • New Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands
  • Lewis takes the Field
  • Siege of Namur
  • Lewis returns to Versailles
  • Luxemburg
  • Battle of Steinkirk
  • Conspiracy of Grandval
  • Return of William to England
  • Naval Maladministration
  • Earthquake at Port Royal
  • Distress in England
  • Increase of Crime
  • Meeting of Parliament
  • State of Parties
  • The King's Speech
  • Question of Privilege raised by the Lords
  • Debates on the State of the Nation
  • Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
  • Case of Lord Mohun
  • Debates on the India Trade
  • Supply
  • Ways and Means; Land Tax
  • Origin of the National Debt
  • Parliamentary Reform
  • The Place Bill
  • The Triennial Bill
  • The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press
  • State of Ireland
  • The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill
  • Ministerial Arrangements
  • The King goes to Holland
  • A Session of Parliament in Scotland

    CHAPTER XX

  • State of the Court of Saint Germains
  • Feeling of the Jacobites
  • Compounders and Noncompounders
  • Change of Ministry at Saint Germains; Middleton
  • New Declaration put forth by James
  • Effect of the new Declaration
  • French Preparations for the Campaign
  • Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis
  • Middleton's Account of Versailles
  • William's Preparations for the Campaign
  • Lewis takes the Field
  • Lewis returns to Versailles
  • Manoeuvres of Luxemburg
  • Battle of Landen
  • Miscarriage of the Smyrna Fleet
  • Excitement in London
  • Jacobite Libels
  • William Anderton
  • Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites
  • Conduct of Caermarthen
  • New Charter granted to the East India Company
  • Return of William to England
  • Military Successes of France
  • Distress of France
  • A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government
  • The First Ministry gradually formed
  • Sunderland
  • Sunderland advises the King to give the Preference to the Whigs
  • Reasons for preferring the Whigs
  • Chiefs of the Whig Party
  • Russell
  • Somers
  • Montague
  • Wharton
  • Chiefs of the Tory Party
  • Harley
  • Foley
  • Howe
  • Meeting of Parliament
  • Debates about the Naval Miscarriages
  • Russell First Lord of the Admiralty
  • Retirement of Nottingham
  • Shrewsbury refuses Office
  • Debates about the Trade with India
  • Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
  • Triennial Bill
  • Place Bill
  • Bill for the Naturalisation of Foreign Protestants
  • Supply
  • Ways and Means
  • Lottery Loan
  • The Bank of England
  • Prorogation of Parliament
  • Ministerial Arrangements
  • Shrewsbury Secretary of State
  • New Titles bestowed
  • French Plan of War
  • English Plan of War
  • Expedition against Brest
  • Naval Operations in the Mediterranean
  • War by Land
  • Complaints of Trenchard's Administration
  • The Lancashire Prosecutions
  • Meeting of the Parliament
  • Death of Tillotson
  • Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions
  • Place Bill
  • Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
  • The Triennial Bill passed
  • Death of Mary
  • Funeral of Mary
  • Greenwich Hospital founded

    CHAPTER XXI

  • Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent
  • Death of Luxemburg
  • Distress of William
  • Parliamentary Proceedings: Emancipation of the Press
  • Death of Halifax
  • Parliamentary Inquiries into the Corruption of the Public Offices
  • Vote of Censure on the Speaker
  • Foley elected Speaker
  • Inquiry into the Accounts of the East India Company
  • Suspicious Dealings of Seymour
  • Bill against Sir Thomas Cook
  • Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons
  • Impeachment of Leeds
  • Disgrace of Leeds
  • Lords Justices appointed
  • Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne
  • Jacobite Plots against William's Person
  • Charnock
  • Porter
  • Goodman
  • Parkyns
  • Fenwick
  • Session of the Scottish Parliament
  • Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe
  • War in the Netherlands; Marshal Villeroy
  • The Duke of Maine
  • Jacobite Plots against the Government during William's Absence
  • Siege of Namur
  • Surrender of the Town of Namur
  • Surrender of the Castle of Namur
  • Arrest of Boufflers
  • Effect of the Emancipation of the English Press
  • Return of William to England
  • Dissolution of the Parliament
  • William makes a Progress through the Country
  • The Elections
  • Alarming State of the Currency
  • Meeting of the Parliament
  • Loyalty of the House of Commons
  • Controversy touching the Currency
  • Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency
  • Passing of the Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
  • Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland
  • Two Jacobite Plots formed
  • Berwick's Plot
  • The Assassination Plot; Sir George Barclay
  • Failure of Berwick's Plot
  • Detection of the Assassination Plot
  • Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Assassination Plot
  • State of Public Feeling
  • Trial of Charnock, King and Keyes
  • Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes
  • Trial of Friend
  • Trial of Parkyns
  • Execution of Friend and Parkyns
  • Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick
  • The Association
  • Bill for the Regulation of Elections
  • Act establishing a Land Bank

    CHAPTER XXII

  • Military Operations in the Netherlands
  • Commercial Crisis in England
  • Financial Crisis
  • Efforts to restore the Currency
  • Distress of the People; Their Temper and Conduct
  • Negotiations with France
  • The Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition
  • Search for Jacobite Conspirators in England
  • Sir John Fenwick
  • Capture of Fenwick
  • Fenwick's Confession
  • Return of William to England
  • Meeting of Parliament; State of the Country
  • Speech of William at the Commencement of the Session
  • Resolutions of the House of Commons
  • Return of Prosperity
  • Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign Governments
  • Restoration of the Finances
  • Effects of Fenwick's Confession
  • Resignation of Godolphin
  • Feeling of the Whigs about Fenwick
  • William examines Fenwick
  • Disappearance of Goodman
  • Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession
  • Bill for attainting Fenwick
  • Debates of the Commons on the Bill of Attainder
  • The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords
  • Artifices of Monmouth
  • Debates of the Lords on the Bill of Attainder
  • Proceedings against Monmouth
  • Position and Feelings of Shrewsbury
  • The Bill of Attainder passed
  • Attempts to save Fenwick
  • Fenwick's Execution
  • Bill for the Regulating of Elections
  • Bill for the Regulation of the Press
  • Bill abolishing the Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy
  • Close of the Session; Promotions and Appointments
  • State of Ireland
  • State of Scotland
  • A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh
  • Act for the Settling of Schools
  • Case of Thomas Aikenhead
  • Military Operations in the Netherlands
  • Terms of Peace offered by France
  • Conduct of Spain
  • Conduct of the Emperor
  • Congress of Ryswick
  • William opens a distinct Negotiation
  • Meetings of Portland and Boufflers
  • Terms of Peace between France and England settled
  • Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor
  • Attempts of James to prevent a general Pacification
  • The Treaty of Ryswick signed
  • Anxiety in England
  • News of the Peace arrives in England
  • Dismay of the Jacobites
  • General Rejoicing
  • The King's Entry into London
  • The Thanksgiving Day

    Volume V

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    CHAPTER XXIII

  • Standing Armies
  • Sunderland
  • Lord Spencer
  • Controversy touching Standing Armies
  • Meeting of Parliament
  • The King's Speech well received
  • Debate on a Peace Establishment
  • Sunderland attacked
  • The Nation averse to a Standing Army
  • Mutiny Act
  • The Navy Acts concerning High Treason
  • Earl of Clancarty
  • Ways and Means
  • Rights of the Sovereign in reference to Crown Lands
  • Proceedings in Parliament on Grants of Crown Lands
  • Montague accused of Peculation
  • Bill of Pains and Penalties against Duncombe
  • Dissension between the houses
  • Commercial Questions
  • Irish Manufactures
  • East India Companies
  • Fire at Whitehall
  • Visit of the Czar
  • Portland's Embassy to France
  • The Spanish Succession
  • The Count of Tallard's Embassy
  • Newmarket Meeting: the insecure State of the Roads
  • Further Negotiations relating to the Spanish Succession
  • The King goes to Holland
  • Portland returns from his Embassy
  • William is reconciled to Marlborough

    CHAPTER XXIV

  • Altered Position of the Ministry
  • The Elections
  • First Partition Treaty
  • Domestic Discontent
  • Littleton chosen Speaker
  • King's Speech
  • Proceedings relating to the Amount of the Land Force
  • Unpopularity of Montague
  • Bill for Disbanding the Army
  • The King's Speech
  • Death of the Electoral Prince of Bavaria.
  • Renewed Discussion of the Army Question
  • Naval Administration
  • Commission on Irish Forfeitures.
  • Prorogation of Parliament
  • Changes in the Ministry and Household
  • Spanish Succession
  • Darien

    CHAPTER XXV

  • Trial of Spencer Cowper
  • Duels
  • Discontent of the Nation
  • Captain Kidd
  • Meeting of Parliament
  • Attacks on Burnet
  • Renewed Attack on Somers
  • Question of the Irish Forfeitures: Dispute between the Houses
  • Somers again attacked
  • Prorogation of Parliament
  • Death of James the Second
  • The Pretender recognised as King
  • Return of the King
  • General Election
  • Death of William